| A | A Parallel Transformation |
| B | The Cases: The Netherlands and Germany |
| The Netherlands: From Reform by Design to Change by Necessity | |
| Germany: Industrial Unionism in Distress | |
| C | The Cases Compared |
| Pluralism Versus Monopoly | |
| In Search of Organizational Viability | |
| D | An Economic Theory of Union Reorganization |
| Declining Economies of Scale | |
| An Endemic Cost Squeeze | |
| Rising Expectations | |
| Mergers as a Solution | |
| The Business Economics of Union Mergers | |
| Matching Unions | |
| A Minimum Size | |
| E | Consequences |
| Conglomerate Unions | |
| A New Pattern of Interunion Competition | |
| Changing Relations Between Affiliates and Peak Associations |
| References |